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Landsat: The Longest Running Earth Imaging Program

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With satellites in orbit since 1972, the Landsat program is the longest running Earth observation program. The Earth imaging program, originally created to investigate Earth’s landmass, has contributed to a wide range of subjects, from the natural sciences to the social sciences. Since the first satellite imagery of Landsat 1 in 1972, several Landsat satellites have been launched with the ability to take increasingly detailed images of our world. These two images show an increase in image resolution and sensor data quality on the Landsat Silicon Valley imagery located in Northern California. The image on the left is a Landsat 1 image obtained in 1972 and the image on the left is a Landsat 8 image obtained in 2016. Landsat 1 (left) satellite image from 1972 and Landsat 8 (right) satellite image from 2016 in Silicon Valley in Northern California. Landsat Satellite Launch Timeline Landsat launch timeline. Graphics: Caitlin Dempsey. Landsat 1 The first Landsat satellite was launche...

How to avoid breast pain while running

The question of how to avoid breast pain while running is a common one. While many of us love the physical and mental health benefits that come with running, the breast pain that comes with it is something we can all live without. Breast pain (also called mastalgia) while running isn’t all that surprising when you consider how much — and in how much direction — they move during exercise. “Breast pain while running is linked to breast displacement, so it’s not just an up-and-down movement, but also side-to-side and back-to-back motion,” says Michelle Norris, senior research fellow in the department of exercise and exercise science at the University of Portsmouth in the UK. In fact, the University’s Research Group in Breast Health found that the breasts can move an average of 10cm in three different directions during a run. That’s where the best sports bras for running are (opens in a new tab) can help, especially as a study conducted by the Univer...