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Planetary scientists from Rice University, NASA’s Johnson Space Center and the California Institute of Technology have answers to a mystery that has baffled the Mars research community since NASA’s Curiosity rover discovered a mineral called tridymite in Gale Crater in 2016. NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover took this low-angle self-portrait at the location where it drilled rock on July 30, 2015, producing a powder (seen in the foreground) that was later confirmed to contain the rare mineral tridymite. (Image courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS) Tridymite is a very rare form of high-temperature, low-pressure quartz on Earth, and it’s not immediately clear how the concentrated chunks ended up in craters. Gale Crater was chosen as Curiosity’s landing site because of the possibility that it once harbored liquid water, and Curiosity found evidence confirming Gale Crater was a lake as recently as 1 billion years ago. “The discovery of tridymite in mudstone at Gale Crater is one of the most surpri

Meghan Markle brought a ‘clothing suitcase’ and ‘insisted’ she could take a Canadian photographer with her, an explosive biography claims today. Writing in his new book Revenge, Tom Bower details how the Duchess of Sussex, 40, was invited on a January 2016 trip by World Vision Canada to be part of a film to promote charity work building water wells in the African country. But Bower claims Meghan flew to Rwanda first class, accompanied by fashion photographer Gabor Jurina and had her own hair and makeup artist. Brenda Surminski, a producer who will be recording the trip, can no longer travel to Rwanda and a Canadian cameraman joins the group instead. But Bower claims that after filming with the kids playing with the tap, Meghan ‘disappeared’ with Jurina to take photos with some of the kids. He wrote: ‘In the end, Surminski was confused. Celebrities who use remote African villages as backdrops for fashion shoots are simply ‘amazing.’ The Duchess of Sussex has not commented on the claims