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What do the UX Tauri, RW Aurigae, AS 205, Z CMajoris, and FU Orionis have in common? They are young star systems with disks where planets can form. It appears that the discs were disturbed by interstellar flybys or other close encounters in the past. Astronomers want to know: did the event interfere with the formation of planets in the disk? What are they doing? Does this happen on other systems? And, did our solar system experience strange encounters in its youth? Some of the answers lie in research by astronomer Nicolás Cuello of the University of the Grenoble Alpes who heads a team studying the role of interstellar flight. In a recent paper, they discussed the processes this system goes through. They check the probability of a given disk having a flyby/encounter and classify the encounter type. The team is also studying a set of disks to understand what happens during each type of encounter and see the implications of flybys for planet formation in other systems. Finally,

The worlds of the solar system beyond Earth have amazing surface features. Thanks to planetary science missions, we see images of canyons, craters and cliffs around the world. One day, these places will provide new challenges for mountaineers and climbers. In particular, Mars will be a favorite destination. Future climbers and mountaineers will be spoiled for choice, even if they have to put on a spacesuit to get their thrills. For example, there is the canyon region of Valles Marineris. It is the largest known feature in the solar system, many times larger than Earth’s Grand Canyon. The European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter has just returned a stunning image of this gorge. Pictures of Mars and Mars Express The final view from the Mars Express focuses on two trenches—the so-called “chasma”—in western Valles Marineris. They are Ius Chasma and Tithonium Chasma, the deepest part of the canyon. The whole system looks complex and complicated. That’s because it was formed fro

Ius and Tithonium Chasmata on Mars. This image from ESA’s Mars Express shows Ius and Tithonium Chasmata, which are part of the canyon structure of Mars’ Valles Marineris. This image consists of data collected by the Mars Express High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on April 21, 2022. Credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO ONE Mars Mars is the second smallest planet in our solar system and the fourth planet from the sun. This is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. Iron oxide is abundant on the surface of Mars, giving it its reddish color and its nickname "Red Planet." The name Mars comes from the Roman god of war. ” data-gt-translate-attributes=”[{” attribute=””>Mars Express’s latest image release takes us over two ruptures in the martian crust that form part of the mighty Valles Marineris canyon system. Valles Marineris cuts across Mars similar to how the Grand Canyon cuts across the United States, except the latter is tiny in comparison. At

Have you heard of the LU Camelopardalis, QZ Serpentis, V1007 Herculis, and BK Lyncis? No, they weren’t in the boy band in ancient Rome. They are Cataclysmic Variables, binary stars so close together that one star takes matter from its sibling. This causes the pairs to vary greatly in brightness. Could a planet exist in this chaotic environment? Can we see them? A new study says yes to both. Cataclysmic Variables (CVs) experienced a large increase in brightness. All stars vary in brightness to some degree, even our own sun. But the CV increase in brightness is much more pronounced than in stars like our Sun, and it happens on an irregular basis There are different types of catastrophic variables: classic nova, dwarf nova, multiple supernova, and others. All types share the same basic mechanics. A pair of stars orbit each other closely, and one star is larger than the other. The more massive ones are called primary stars, and draw gas from lower-mass stars, which astronomers ca

The moon could be a huge rocket swap and a stopping point for humans to travel to other parts of the solar system in 2069 – the 100th anniversary of the first moon landing. This month marks 53 years since humanity made the giant leap and NASA’s Apollo 11 mission placed US astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the surface of the brightest satellite on Earth. Now space scientists around the world are considering how the moon could become a “changeable” launch pad for the next half century. Watch the latest News on Channel 7 or stream for free on 7plus >> “You’re not too far away (from thinking there might be) a Maccas drive-through,” jokes Swinburne University of Technology astrophysicist Sara Webb. Currently, scientists are trying to calculate whether it is possible to put a space station into orbit around the moon, with a view to sending people to Mars or even further into space. “I think that will be the future. Our next step from Earth is to figure out how we can use t

When it comes to searching for asteroids, we have a blind spot. It may seem counterintuitive, but the asteroid’s most important discoveries are now being made at dusk, when astronomers can see up close to the horizon – and close to the sun – for what little is known. asteroids orbiting within the orbits of Earth, Venus and even Mercury. In perspective published in Science today, asteroid hunter Scott Sheppard of the Carnegie Institution of Science highlights the new “twilight telescope” surveys and the riches they are beginning to discover. It includes the first asteroid with an interior orbit to Venus and the one with the shortest known orbital period around the sun, both of which have been unearthed in the past two years. It also includes “city killers”, asteroids large enough that if they hit Earth the damage will be severe. “We’re doing a full survey looking for anything moving around the orbit of Venus, which is somewhere we haven’t surveyed very deeply in the past with anyth

In 1687 Sir Isaac Newton published his magnum opus, Philosophi Naturalis Principia Mathematica which effectively synthesized his theories of motion, velocity, and universal gravitation. In the latter case, Newton offered a way to calculate the gravitational force and predict the orbits of the planets. Since then, astronomers have discovered that the Solar System is just a tiny point of light orbiting the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Occasionally, other stars will pass near the Solar System, which can cause dramatic oscillations that can kick objects out of their orbits. These “traverses of the stars” are common and play an important role in the long-term evolution of planetary systems. As a result, the long-term stability of the Solar System has been the subject of scientific investigation for centuries. According to a new study by a team of Canadian astrophysicists, the inhabitants of the Solar System may be calm. After conducting a series of simulations, they determined that

Human immunodeficiency virus 1, more commonly known as HIV-1, is known for its remarkable ability to evade the immune system. Scientists at Scripps Research and collaborators have now discovered how our innate immune system – the body’s first line of defense against foreign invaders – detects HIV-1, even when the virus is present in very small amounts. His findings, published on July 8, 2022, in molecular cell , revealing a two-step molecular strategy that jolts the innate immune response into action upon exposure to HIV-1. These discoveries could impact the development of drugs for HIV treatments and vaccines, as well as shape our understanding of how the innate immune response is involved in other areas – including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s. “This study illustrates how the immune system can recognize a very cryptic virus, and then activate a downstream cascade that leads to immunological activation,” said Sumit Chanda, PhD, professor in the Department of Immun

The heart of the Milky Way appears to be a hotspot for molecules that combine to form RNA. A new survey of the thick molecular cloud that shrouds the galactic center has revealed the presence of various nitriles – organic molecules that are often toxic in isolation, but are also molecular building blocks essential for life. The increase in prebiotic molecules (molecules involved in the emergence of life) identified at the center of galaxies, particularly those associated with RNA, has implications for our understanding of how life emerged in the Universe – and how it happened on Earth. “Here we show that the chemistry occurring in the interstellar medium is able to efficiently form some of the nitriles, which are key molecular precursors of the ‘RNA World’ scenario,” explains astrobiologist Víctor Rivilla of the Spanish National Research Council and National Institutes. Aerospace Technology in Spain. Exactly how life arose on Earth is a mystery that basic scientists are eager to achie

A landmark study by the City of Melbourne focused on three options for preventing the spread of Covid-19, while reducing energy use: opening windows; ceiling HEPA air filter and displacement ventilation system. The BREATH project was carried out in partnership with Cbus Property, University of Melbourne, AG Coombs, SEED Engineering and Westaflex, with peer review by AURECON. Over a three-month period the study, which is available on the City of Melbourne website, compared the energy use and performance of a number of full-scale ventilation retrofit options. Measurements were made in a full-scale building in Melbourne’s CBD, namely 423 Bourke Street, Melbourne, which will soon be rebuilt by Cbus Property, not in a laboratory. Melbourne City Mayor Sally Capp said the study was important because fears of infection remained a barrier for some city workers from returning to work. “We encourage landlords, tenants and partners to embrace BREATH’s findings, and help us create heal