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Pollination is a hallmark of flowering plants, with animal pollinators such as bees and birds sustaining the world’s food supply – not to mention our cravings for coffee, honey and macadamia nuts. But new research raises the possibility that animal-assisted pollination may have appeared in the ocean long before plants moved ashore. The study, carried out by a research group based in France and Chile, is the first to document a species of seaweed that relies on tiny marine crustaceans speckled in pollen-like spores to reproduce. Since red algae Gracilaria gracilis evolved long before land plants appeared, the researchers say their research suggests animal-assisted pollination could have occurred about 650 million years ago in the oceans once a suitable pollinator appeared. On land in flowering plants and gymnosperms that have seeds, the male reproductive cells, or gametes, fly in the form of pollen grains, which are carried by the wind, through the water, or by surprise insects, to hop

Watching a man clean the remains of a devastating flood from his home was a solemn moment for actor and producer Rachel Griffiths. Key points: Griffiths presents a new ABC art series called Great Southern Landscapes The first episode takes it to the Hawkesbury River where residents carry out their third flood cleanup in 12 months The series will premiere on ABC at 8 p.m. on August 9 He was traveling across Australia to shoot earlier this year when a painting by Arthur Streeton pulled him into the Hawkesbury River in New South Wales. Griffiths met with communities recovering from their third flood in 12 months. “Standing with a pressured man washing his house for the third time and feeling so connected to a place he didn’t believe he had the ability to face or accept nature’s wrath — it was one of our most moving times,” Griffiths said. . He never imagined that the local Rohan Smith he interviewed would do his fourth cleanup just a few weeks later. Griffiths comes with a strong appreci

New discoveries about extreme habitats could help us solve three mysteries with one stone — providing new insights into how Earth’s oceans formed, uncovering the secrets of extraterrestrial life, and uncovering potential cancer-fighting compounds. This is all thanks to a team of researchers at the University of Miami, who have discovered a large saltwater deep-sea pool in the Red Sea that quickly kills or incapacitates anything that gets into it, according to a preliminary report by Live Science . Life does exist on the periphery of this aquatic death trap; However, any unfortunate animals that burrow beneath the surface do not survive and are instead pickled. However, these rare saltwater pools could hold clues about thousands of years of climate change in the region and could even shed light on the origins of life on Earth, a study published in the journal says. Communication of Earth Nature and Environment show. Uncovering a deep sea saltwater pool In case you didn’t know, a salt

FRANKFURT/MARBURG/BASEL. In 2013, a team of microbiologists led by Professor Volker Müller of Goethe University Frankfurt discovered an unusual enzyme in heat-loving (thermophilic) bacteria: hydrogen-dependent CO. 2 HDCR reductase. It produces formic acid (formic) from hydrogen gas (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and in the process, hydrogen transfers electrons to carbon dioxide. This makes HDCR the first known enzyme to directly utilize hydrogen. On the other hand, all the enzymes known to date that produce formic acid took a detour: they obtained electrons from soluble cellular electron transfer agents, which for their part accepted electrons from hydrogen with the help of other enzymes. The bacterium Thermoanaerobacter kivui thrives away from oxygen, for example in the deep ocean, and uses CO 2 and hydrogen to produce cellular energy. HDCR from Thermoanaerobacter kivui consists of four protein modules: one that cleaves hydrogen, one that produces formic acid and two small

Astronomers have seen in the galaxy adjacent to our Milky Way what they call the cosmic “needle in the haystack” – a black hole that is not only classified as dormant but appears to have been born without the explosion of a dying star. Researchers said Monday this one differs from all other known black holes in that it is “quiet X-ray” – it doesn’t emit the intense X-ray radiation that indicates it devours nearby matter with a strong gravitational pull – and it doesn’t. born in the explosion of a star called a supernova. Black holes are extremely dense objects with such strong gravity that even light cannot escape. This one, with a mass at least nine times that of our sun, was detected in the Tarantula Nebula region of the Great Magellanic Cloud galaxy and is located about 160,000 light-years from Earth. A light year is the distance light travels in a year, 5.9 trillion miles (9.5 trillion km). A very luminous and hot blue star with a mass about 25 times that of the sun orbits this bl

Scientists working at the CERN laboratory recently announced the discovery of exotic matter not seen in nature: two distinct “tetraquarks” and “pentaquarks,” all of which were created in the collision between pairs of protons colliding with each other at very close velocities. lamp speed. The energy from this collision is literally transmuted into these exotic particles, a process governed by Einstein’s famous equation E = mc 2 . They will provide a new method for studying the forces that bind atomic centers together. What are quarks? Quarks were proposed in 1964 by American physicist Murray Gell-Mann as a solution to a major problem at the time. From the late 1940s to the early 1960s, physicists discovered hundreds of particles with a dizzying array of masses, electric charges, lifetimes, and ways in which the particles interacted. So many different particles had been discovered with such diverse properties that researchers at the time referred to the zoo as a “particle zoo”. At

Your gut is an amazing place. The special layer of cells that line the inside of your small and large intestines take nutrients and water from what you eat while keeping anything bad out of your system. This layer is called the intestinal epithelium. It actually renews itself every four to seven days using stem cells. These are special types of cells that can self-renew by dividing and differentiating to produce other types of cells to renew your organs. Scientists still don’t know how exactly they make this decision, or what defines stem cells. Bernat Corominas-Murtra, formerly a postdoc at the Austrian Institute of Science and Technology (ISTA) and now an assistant professor at the University of Graz, and Edouard Hannezo, professor at ISTA, in collaboration with an international experimental research group led by Jacco Van Tim Rheenen in Amsterdam studied cells stems in the intestinal epithelium. They discovered an exciting new mechanism that could change our understanding of w

Graphical representation of phase transitions. Credit: Koen Pieterse In Science TU/e researchers have published their study of new phase transitions of solutions and gels in water, which seem to contradict the basic principles of chemistry, and which they discovered by accident. In chemistry, hydrogels turn into liquids by diluting them with water. For the reverse transition, you increase the hydrogel concentration. However, TU/e ​​researchers led by Bert Meijer accidentally discovered that their liquid solution turned into a hydrogel when diluted. This phenomenon has never been studied or described before and can have consequences in many fields in chemistry and biology. This study focuses on the formation of certain hydrogels. This means that it starts with an aqueous solution of, in this case, two substances (a surfactant and a monomer). Research shows that gels form at a certain ratio of these two substances in water. This gel