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In a recent study published in Journal of Physical Chemistry C , researchers demonstrate an approach to detect tyrosinase activity (TYR), an important biomarker for melanoma diagnosis, with the help of an unprecedented surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor. Study: Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Biosensor Based on Self-Assembled Gold Nanorod Array for Fast and Sensitive Tyrosinase Detection . Image Credit: Africa Studio/Shutterstock.com The surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor, fabricated on a glass chip, was developed on an array of dopamine-operated Au nanorods (Au NR) that function as capture substrates and 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) altered silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). ) formed a surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor probe. Since detecting TYR activity in biological samples is essential for clinical melanoma diagnosis, the proposed approach with various advantages of sensitivity, portability, and reproducibility could be useful for melanoma d...

Scientists discovered a new hydrothermal field 8,366 feet beneath the Pacific Ocean covering an area the size of a football field that could help them better understand how volcanic activity has affected life in Earth’s oceans. These deep-sea vents are located in places where activity from the planet’s crust causes tectonic plates to split and form new seafloor rock that contains cracks where seawater seeps – similar to what hot springs do on land, these vents eject mineral-rich fluids. heated to a high temperature. A team of researchers from Lehigh University discovered this field about 200 miles off the coast of Mexico and have stated that it will help to advance our understanding of how marine life is – and continues to be – affected by volcanic eruptions. Scroll down for the video ‘The mapping work provides a detailed picture of the ocean floor so we can monitor and measure changes that occur when the next volcanic eruption occurs,’ said one of th...

Water boils a lot – whether it’s a cup of tea brewed in the kitchen or a power station that generates electricity. Any increase in the efficiency of this process will have a major impact on the overall amount of energy used for it each day. One such improvement could come with newly developed treatments for surfaces involved in heating and evaporating water. The treatment improves the two main parameters that determine the boiling process: heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF). Most of the time, there is a trade-off between the two – when one improves, the other worsens. After years of investigation, the research term behind this technique has found a way to improve both. “Both parameters are important, but raising the two parameters together is a bit tricky because they have an intrinsic trade-off,” said bioinformatics scientist Youngsup Song of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. “If we have a lot of bubbles on the...

The key to the new surface treatment is to add texture at several different size scales. The electron microscope image shows millimeter-scale pillars and dents (first two images), whose surface is covered with tiny nanometer-scale protrusions (bottom two images) to increase the efficiency of the boiling reaction. Credit: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Boiling water or other liquids is an energy-intensive step at the heart of many industrial processes, including most power plants, many chemical production systems, and even cooling systems for electronics. Increasing the efficiency of a system that heats and evaporates water can significantly reduce its energy use. Now, researchers at MIT have found a way to do just that, with surface treatments specifically designed for the materials used in the system. The increase in efficiency comes from the combination of three different types of surface modification, at different size scale...