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image: Color transmission electron micrograph of mature extracellular Nipah Virus particles (red) near the periphery of infected VERO cells (green). see again Credit: NIAID The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has launched an early-stage clinical trial evaluating the vaccine being studied to prevent Nipah virus infection. The experimental vaccine was manufactured by Moderna, Inc., (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and developed in collaboration with the NIAID Vaccine Research Center. It is based on platform messenger RNA (mRNA)—the technology used in several approved COVID-19 vaccines. NIAID is sponsoring the Phase 1 clinical study, which is being conducted at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Nipah virus infection is a zoonotic disease, meaning that it is transmitted between animals and humans. Fruit bats are the natural hosts of this virus. The f

by Alex Whiting HPV prevention and vaccines help reduce the number of women dying from cervical cancer but new portable screening tools and new types of laboratory tests will improve early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. New advances in cervical cancer screening — the fourth most common cancer among women — have the potential to save many women’s lives, their developers say. While outcomes for women with cervical cancer have improved overall in recent years, the mortality rate from the disease is still too high. Despite the fact that cervical cancer is highly treatable if diagnosed early enough, more than 340,000 women died from the disease in 2020. The majority of deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries where women often have limited access to screening services, according to the World Health Organization. Even when women are tested, there may be a delay of several months before they get the results and, if they test positive, another delay before they receive treatm

A deadly virus from bats strikes Australia for the first time in five years as authorities struggle to contain the outbreak Hendra virus has not been contracted by horses since 2017 in Queensland The deadly virus spreads from fruit bats to horses, and can be fatal to humans A horse in Mackay is brought down after the Hendra virus weakens the animal QLD biosecurity worker ensures the case is kept on the property By Max Aldred For The Australian Daily Surat Published: 02:11 AM EDT, 9 July 2022 | Updated: 02:24 EDT, 9 July 2022 A deadly virus capable of spreading to humans infected a horse for the first time in five years on a Queensland property. The Hendra virus case, detected Friday in Mackay, is the first confirmed case of infection in horses in the state since 2017. Hendra is commonly found among fruit bat populations. The virus has killed more than half of the people who contracted the infection, most of whom were v

Ghana has reported its first suspected case of Marburg virus disease (MVD), after initial samples were taken from two patients who died after showing positive symptoms for the dengue virus. Key points: WHO says it is working with Ghanaian authorities to prepare for a possible outbreak The Ghana Health Service says no new cases have been reported since samples were taken two weeks ago There are 34 people quarantined The samples have been sent to the Pasteur Institute in Senegal, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Collaborative Center, for processing before being officially confirmed as cases. The patients, who were both from the southern Ashanti region but were not related, were showing symptoms including diarrhea, fever, nausea and vomiting. They were taken to a district hospital in the Ashanti area, but later died. “No new cases have been reported since the two samples were taken two weeks ago,” the Ghana Health Service said in a statement. The service said 34 people who had contac

Human immunodeficiency virus 1, more commonly known as HIV-1, is known for its remarkable ability to evade the immune system. Scientists at Scripps Research and collaborators have now discovered how our innate immune system – the body’s first line of defense against foreign invaders – detects HIV-1, even when the virus is present in very small amounts. His findings, published on July 8, 2022, in molecular cell , revealing a two-step molecular strategy that jolts the innate immune response into action upon exposure to HIV-1. These discoveries could impact the development of drugs for HIV treatments and vaccines, as well as shape our understanding of how the innate immune response is involved in other areas – including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s. “This study illustrates how the immune system can recognize a very cryptic virus, and then activate a downstream cascade that leads to immunological activation,” said Sumit Chanda, PhD, professor in the Department of Immun

A landmark study by the City of Melbourne focused on three options for preventing the spread of Covid-19, while reducing energy use: opening windows; ceiling HEPA air filter and displacement ventilation system. The BREATH project was carried out in partnership with Cbus Property, University of Melbourne, AG Coombs, SEED Engineering and Westaflex, with peer review by AURECON. Over a three-month period the study, which is available on the City of Melbourne website, compared the energy use and performance of a number of full-scale ventilation retrofit options. Measurements were made in a full-scale building in Melbourne’s CBD, namely 423 Bourke Street, Melbourne, which will soon be rebuilt by Cbus Property, not in a laboratory. Melbourne City Mayor Sally Capp said the study was important because fears of infection remained a barrier for some city workers from returning to work. “We encourage landlords, tenants and partners to embrace BREATH’s findings, and help us create heal

A study of the herpes virus infecting chickens offers new insight into the potentially problematic interactions between vaccines made from live viruses and viruses that are meant to be thwarted. Reported in the journal Virulence, the study offers direct evidence that vaccines and viruses can infect the same cells in live animals and share the molecular tools that allow the virus to infect other animals – in this case, chickens. The study focused on Marek’s disease, a viral infection that is spread when a chicken inhales flakes of dead skin or feather tissue from an infected chicken. “We’ve been trying to understand how the virus spreads from one host to another,” said University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign pathobiology professor Keith Jarosinski, who led the study. “Not only did we do it for the benefit of chickens in the poultry industry, but also because of a very similar mechanism used by the virus that causes chickenpox, where it enters through the respiratory tract and infects l