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image: Color transmission electron micrograph of mature extracellular Nipah Virus particles (red) near the periphery of infected VERO cells (green). see again Credit: NIAID The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has launched an early-stage clinical trial evaluating the vaccine being studied to prevent Nipah virus infection. The experimental vaccine was manufactured by Moderna, Inc., (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and developed in collaboration with the NIAID Vaccine Research Center. It is based on platform messenger RNA (mRNA)—the technology used in several approved COVID-19 vaccines. NIAID is sponsoring the Phase 1 clinical study, which is being conducted at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, Maryland. Nipah virus infection is a zoonotic disease, meaning that it is transmitted between animals and humans. Fruit bats are the natural hosts of this virus. The f

The eye’s light-sensing retina taps different circuits depending on whether it produces image-forming vision or performs non-visual functions such as regulating pupil size or the sleep/wake cycle, according to a new mouse study from the National Eye Institute. NEI) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). These findings could have implications for understanding how our eyes help regulate mood, digestion, sleep and metabolism. NEI and NIMH are part of the National Institutes of Health. “We know a lot about the pathways involved in image-forming vision, but until now it was unknown whether and how non-image-forming visual behavior depended on these same pathways in the eye,” says Johan Pahlberg, Ph.D., head of Photoreceptor Physiology Group at NEI and senior author of the study. Vision begins when light enters the eye and hits the light-sensing photoreceptors of the retina. Photoreceptors transfer signals through several layers of retinal neurons before they are sent to th