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Fossil remains of the black hole-eating frenzy of the past have been found deep within one of the largest galaxy clusters in our sky. Astronomers also saw physics-defying plasma shockwaves, and loops of radio energy within the same galaxy cluster. Key points: Astronomers have discovered a trio of rare objects in a distant galaxy cluster known as Abell 3266 One of the mysterious objects is a shockwave relic dubbed the “wrong way”. The objects were discovered using radio telescopes in Western Australia and New South Wales The cluster – Abell 3266 – is located 800 million light-years away and spans the sky 300 million light-years in the southern constellation Reticulum. An international team of astronomers, led by Christopher Riseley of the University of Bologna in Italy, studied the cluster in detail using the powerful Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder radio telescope in outback Western Australia, and the smaller Australia Telescope Compact Array in Narrabri, New South Wales.

The scientists found that a quarter of the progenitor cells in the testes were “killed” by phagocytes, despite the fact that these cells weren’t doing anything “wrong.” University of Haifa research has identified killer cells. A process involving the “killing” of newly generated living cells has been discovered for the first time in a recent study conducted at the University of Haifa. Research, described in a respectable journal Science Advances found that during the process of cellular differentiation in fruit flies, phagocytic cells consume and destroy healthy living cells. “We found that phagocytes can function as ‘killers.’ It is known that phagocytic cells engulf and dissolve dead cells, but we demonstrated for the first time that they also kill newly created normal cells. Basically we have characterized a novel mechanism of cell death. The more we know the mechanisms of cell death, the better we understand how to treat various diseases, especially cancer,” explains Professor

Four billion years ago, Earth looked very different from today, lifeless and covered by a vast ocean. Over millions of years, in that primordial soup, life arose. Researchers have long theorized how molecules come together to trigger this transition. Now, scientists at Scripps Research have discovered a new set of chemical reactions that use cyanide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide — all thought to be common on the early Earth — to produce amino acids and nucleic acids, the building blocks of protein and DNA. “We have come up with a new paradigm to explain the shift from prebiotics to biotic chemistry,” says Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, PhD, a professor of chemistry at Scripps Research, and lead author of the new paper, published July 28, 2022 in the journal Nature Chemistry. “We think the type of reaction we’ve described is probably what could have happened on the early Earth.” In addition to providing researchers with insight into early Earth chemistry, the newly discovered chemical

The first step to understanding physics is to identify the relevant variables. Columbia Engineers developed an AI program to address a longstanding problem: is it possible to identify state variables only from high-dimensional observational data. Using video footage of various physical dynamic systems, the algorithm discovers the intrinsic dimensions of the observed dynamics and identifies a candidate set of state variables — with no prior knowledge of the underlying physics. Energy, Mass, Speed. These three variables make up Einstein’s iconic equation E=MC 2 . But how did Einstein know about these concepts? The first step to understanding physics is to identify the relevant variables. Without the concepts of energy, mass, and velocity, even Einstein could not have discovered relativity. But can such a variable be found automatically? Doing so can greatly speed up scientific discovery. This is the question that researchers at Columbia Engineering are asking on a new AI program.

This uncommon genetic disease was found to be caused by variations in the gene encoding the Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type 1 Subunit protein. A new genetic disease slows children’s brain development. A new genetic disease that causes the brains of some children to grow abnormally and delay intellectual development has been discovered by scientists. Most people with this disease, which is still so new that it doesn’t have a name, struggle with significant learning challenges that negatively impact their quality of life. Changes in the gene coding for a protein known as Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 1 (GRIA1) is the underlying cause of this unusual genetic disorder, according to an international team of researchers from the universities of Portsmouth, Southampton and Copenhagen. Variant discovery will assist clinicians in developing focused treatments to assist patients and their families and will pave the way for prenatal screening and diagnosis. The GRIA1 gen

An artist’s impression shows what the binary star system VFTS 243－ looks like, which contains a black hole and a large glowing star orbiting each other. ESO / L. Calcada / Handout via REUTERS WASHINGTON－Astronomers have spotted in a galaxy adjacent to the Milky Way what they call a cosmic “needle in a haystack”－a black hole that is not only classified as dormant, but also appears to have been born without a stellar death explosion. Researchers said Monday this one differs from all other known black holes in that it is “quiet X-ray”—it doesn’t emit strong X-ray radiation that indicates it devours nearby matter with a strong gravitational pull—and that it doesn’t. born in the explosion of a star called a supernova. Black holes are extremely dense objects with such strong gravity that not even light can escape. This one, with a mass at least nine times that of the sun, was detected in the Tarantula Nebula region of the Large Magellanic Cloud galaxy and is located about 160,000 light

An international team of researchers led by UC Davis geneticist Suma Shankar has discovered a new gene involved in a neurodevelopmental condition called DPH5-associated diphtamide deficiency syndrome. This syndrome is caused by a variant of the DPH5 gene that can cause embryonic death or profound neurodevelopmental delay. Findings from their study were published in Genetics in Medicine. “We are very excited about the discovery of this new gene,” said lead author Suma Shankar, professor in the Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology and faculty at the UC Davis MIND Institute. Shankar is director of Precision Genomics, Albert Rowe Endowed Chair in Genetics, and head of the Division of Genomic Medicine. DPH5 is essential for protein biosynthesis. It belongs to the class of genes required for the synthesis of diphtamide, a type of modified amino acid histidine, essential for the synthesis of ribosomal proteins. “We provide strong clinical, biochemical and functional evidence for DPH5

When it comes to graphene, it seems that superconductivity runs in the family. Graphene is a single atom-thin material that can be peeled off from the same graphite found in pencil tips. The ultra-thin material is made entirely of carbon atoms arranged in a simple hexagonal pattern, similar to chicken wire. Since its isolation in 2004, graphene has been found to manifest many remarkable properties in its single layer form. In 2018, MIT researchers discovered that if two layers of graphene are stacked at very specific “magic” angles, the bent bilayer structure can exhibit strong superconductivity, a much sought-after material state in which electric current can flow without loss of energy. Recently, the same group discovered a similar superconductive state that exists in bent trilayer graphene – a structure made of three layers of graphene stacked at new, precise magic angles. Now the team reports that — you guessed it — four and five layers of graphene can be twisted and stacked at

image: Sound reduces pain in mice by decreasing the activity of neurons in the brain’s auditory cortex (green and magenta) that project to the thalamus. see again Credit: Wenjie Zhou An international team of scientists have identified a neural mechanism through which sound dulls pain in mice. The findings, which could inform the development of safer methods for treating pain, are published in Science . The study was led by researchers at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR); China University of Science and Technology, Hefei; and Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. NIDCR is part of the National Institutes of Health. “We needed more effective methods to manage acute and chronic pain, and that started with gaining a better understanding of the basic neural processes that regulate pain,” said NIDCR Director Rena D’Souza, DDS, Ph.D. “By uncovering the circuits that mediate the pain-reducing effec

University of Chicago physicists have discovered a “quantum flute” that, like the Pied Piper, can force light particles to move together in a way never seen before. Described in two studies published in Physical Review Letters and Nature Physics, the breakthrough could point the way to the realization of quantum memory or new forms of error correction in quantum computers, and to observe quantum phenomena that cannot be seen in nature. Laboratory Association Prof. David Schuster is working on quantum bits – the quantum equivalent of computer bits – that take advantage of the peculiar properties of particles at the atomic and sub-atomic level to do things that would otherwise be impossible. In this experiment, they worked with light particles, known as photons, in the microwave spectrum. Their system consists of long cavities built into a metal block, designed to trap photons at microwave frequencies. Cavities are created by drilling offset holes — like holes in a flute. “Just like i

A new “quantum flute” experiment by University of Chicago physicists could point the way to new quantum technologies. The holes create different wavelengths, similar to the ‘notes’ on a flute, that can be used to encode quantum information. Credit: Photo courtesy of the Schuster laboratorium laboratory University of Chicago physicists have discovered a “quantum flute” that, like the Pied Piper, can force light particles to move together in a way never seen before. Described in two studies published in Physical Review Letter and Natural Physics Such breakthroughs could point the way to realizing quantum memory or new forms of error correction in quantum computers, and observing quantum phenomena that cannot be seen in nature. Laboratory Association Prof. David Schuster is working on quantum bits—the quantum equivalent of computer bits—that take advantage of the peculiar properties of particles at the atomic and sub-atomic level to do

Credit: University of Portsmouth The mystery of how the universe’s first quasars formed—something that has baffled scientists for nearly 20 years—has now been solved by a team of astrophysicists whose findings were published in Natural . The existence of more than 200 quasars powered by supermassive black holes less than a billion years after the Big Bang remains one of the outstanding problems in astrophysics because it is never fully understood how they formed so early. The expert team led by Dr. Daniel Whalen of the University of Portsmouth has discovered that the first quasars formed naturally in turbulent conditions from reservoirs of rare gas in the early universe. Dr. Whalen, from the University’s Institute of Cosmology and Gravity, said: “This discovery is very exciting because it has reversed 20 years of thinking about the origin of the universe’s first supermassive black hole. This video shows a supercomput

The mystery of how the universe’s first quasars formed – something that has puzzled scientists for nearly 20 years – has now been solved by a team of astrophysicists whose findings were published in Nature today. The existence of more than 200 quasars powered by supermassive black holes less than a billion years after the Big Bang remains one of the outstanding problems in astrophysics because it is never fully understood how they formed so early. A team of experts led by Dr Daniel Whalen from the University of Portsmouth has discovered that the first quasars formed naturally in the turbulent conditions of a rare gas reservoir in the early universe. The first supermassive black holes were simply a natural consequence of the formation of structures in the cosmology of cold dark matter – children of the cosmic web. Dr Whalen, from the University’s Institute of Cosmology and Gravity, said: “This discovery is very exciting because it has reversed 20 years of thinking about the origin of th

Credit: Pixabay/CC0 Public Domain This is the last race. Eight athletes lined the track, their feet tensed against the starting blocks. They hear a countdown: “On Your Marks!”, “Get Set,” and then, a split second before the shot, a runner jumps forward, disqualifying himself from the competition. It is at such times that an aspect of behavior that is usually neglected—action suppression—is painfully exposed. A study published today in the journal Natural uncover how the brain stops us from jumping the gun. “We found an area of ​​the brain that is responsible for prompting action and another for suppressing that impulse. We can also trigger impulsive behavior by manipulating the neurons in these areas,” said the study’s senior author, Joe Paton, Program Director of Champalimaud Neuroscience in Portugal. Solve puzzles Paton’s team set out to solve a puzzle that arose in part from Parkinson’s and H