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CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — Phytoplasmas are bacteria that can attack plant vascular tissues, causing various plant diseases. While most phytoplasma research begins by examining plants that show symptoms of disease, the new analysis focuses on tiny insects that carry infectious bacteria from plant to plant. By extracting and testing DNA from archives of planthopper specimens collected in natural areas, this study identified new phytoplasma strains and discovered new associations between planthoppers and phytoplasmas that are known to harm plants. Reported in the journal Biology, the study is the first to look for phytoplasma in insects from a natural area, said Illinois Natural History Survey postdoctoral researcher Valeria Trivellone, who led the study with INHS State Entomologist Christopher Dietrich. It is also the first to use multiple molecular approaches to detect and identify phytoplasma in planthoppers. The research team included Illinois Natural History postdoctoral researchers Yang...

+ T-cells. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenoviral vector encoding the HBV genome and treated with anti-NK1.1 (⍺NK) or isotype control antibodies prior to therapeutic vaccination. Intrahepatic lymphocytes were harvested 14 days after immunization. (A) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of HBsAg mRNA extracted from the liver of infected mice. (B) Representative plot of CD8 + T-cells isolated from the spleen of CD45.2 PD-1KO or CD45.1 wild-type (WT) mice were transferred to recipients of opposite congenic mice one day before therapeutic vaccination. Examples of PD-1 and IFN . expressions you production in transferred PD-1KO and WT CD8+ T cells. *, p Translated Medical Sciences (2022). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi4670″> + T-cells. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenoviral vector encoding the HBV genome and treated with anti-NK1.1 (⍺NK) or isotype control antibodies prior to therapeutic vaccination. Intrahepatic lymphocytes were harvested 14 days aft...

Tiny blobs of jelly spin perfect circles in the water – their movement produces a force that attracts their neighbors. When enough of them come together, this synchronized dance aligns them into a precise six-sided, regular, repeating pattern, much like the carbon atoms in graphene’s crystal structure. But these are not atoms or any kind of inanimate object governed solely by the forces of physics – they are living, self-propelled, embryonic starfish ( patiria miniata ). The spinning starfish embryos gather into living crystals. (Tan et al., Natural 2022) “We know we have crystals of many materials, but we have never really linked crystal formation to actually living components,” said MIT physicist Nikta Fakhri. Natural . “This is a truly extraordinary phenomenon that has never been reported before.” Fakhri, MIT physicist Tzer Han Tan and colleagues studied active matter — a system in which each individual component (such as a bird in a flock, or a cell i...

Although the effects of natural organic matter (NOM) on nanoparticles (NPs) in the food chain have not been investigated, studies have found that NOM present in aquatic environments influences the toxicity and behavior of NPs. You You Study: Effect of organic matter on trophic transfer of silver nanoparticles in aquatic food chains. Image Credit: Tim7914/Shutterstock.com In an article recently published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials, researchers chose Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacterial species and Tetrahymena thermophila ( T. thermophila ) protozoa to investigate the effect of NOM on trophic transfer, toxicity, and bioaccumulation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The results revealed that NOM reduced the toxicity of Ag NPs at T. thermophila and E. coli through influence mechanisms such as reduction of Ag NP accumulation or Ag . formation + ionic complexes, which are specific for the type of organism and NOM. Ag NP biomagnification on T. thermophila is through trophi...