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Your gut is an amazing place. The special layer of cells that line the inside of your small and large intestines take nutrients and water from what you eat while keeping anything bad out of your system. This layer is called the intestinal epithelium. It actually renews itself every four to seven days using stem cells. These are special types of cells that can self-renew by dividing and differentiating to produce other types of cells to renew your organs. Scientists still don’t know how exactly they make this decision, or what defines stem cells. Bernat Corominas-Murtra, formerly a postdoc at the Austrian Institute of Science and Technology (ISTA) and now an assistant professor at the University of Graz, and Edouard Hannezo, professor at ISTA, in collaboration with an international experimental research group led by Jacco Van Tim Rheenen in Amsterdam studied cells stems in the intestinal epithelium. They discovered an exciting new mechanism that could change our understanding of w

An artist’s depiction of a bacterial cell. Credit: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/James Archer Since its inception, chemotherapy has proven to be a valuable tool in treating many types of cancer, but it has significant drawbacks. Apart from killing cancer cells, it can also destroy healthy cells such as those in hair follicles, causing baldness, and those that line the stomach, resulting in nausea. Now, scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) may have a better solution: voice-controlled, genetically engineered bacteria that seek out and destroy cancer cells. In a new paper published in the journal “The goal of this technology is to take advantage of the ability of engineered probiotics to infiltrate tumors, while using ultrasound to activate them to release potent drugs inside the tumor,” professor Shapiro says. A strain of E. coli called Nissle 1917, which is approved for medical uses in humans, was the starting point for their work. After being