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WOOD HOLE, Mass. – Many crustaceans, including lobsters, crabs, and barnacles, have a cape-like shell protruding from the head that can serve a variety of roles, such as a small cave for storing eggs, or a protective shield to keep the gills moist. This shell (carapace), it has been proposed, did not evolve from a similar structure in a crustacean ancestor, but emerged de novo (or suddenly) through the rather random co-optation of genes that also determine insect wings. However, in a new study from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Research Associate Heather Bruce and Director Nipam Patel provide evidence for an alternative view: The carapace, along with other plate-like structures in arthropods (crustaceans, insects, arachnids, and myriapods) all evolved from the lateral toe lobe in a common ancestor. This evidence underpins their proposal for a new concept of how new structures evolve – which suggests that they are not so new. A study of the carapace of Daphnia crustacea...

He said Ginnivan had been the victim on Sunday, but it was not the referee’s fault, it was a decision born of a philosophical shift in the AFL. Matthews said his initial thought when he saw the incident was to ask himself, what did they do to the game? “And when I say ‘they’, I mean (AFL chairman) Richard Goyder and the commission which is the only body that actually changes the rules and [AFL CEO) Gillon McLachlan and his coaching cohort of advisers that are making the game easier for the tackler and harder for the bloke with the ball,” Matthews said. “It got my blood boiling. Every other player in the competition would have got that free kick … I felt sick. That was virtually not only a high contact headlock, it was bordering on unduly rough play.” Last Tuesday the AFL responded to the increasing number of players drawing free kicks for head high contact with a statement that outlined the directive to umpires. Mason Redman’s high takle on Jack Ginnivan. C...

image: In a new study, researchers from the Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan used a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches to understand the optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of the complex solids of layered perovskite compounds, providing valuable insights. This approach can be extended to various functionalized crystalline ceramic compounds. see again Credit: Ryohei Oka from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan Urban areas without sufficient tree cover are significantly warmer than their surroundings. This “urban heat island” effect results mainly from the absorption of near-infrared radiation (NIR) in sunlight. Therefore, NIR reflective pigments that can reduce such heating effects are highly desirable. In particular, functional inorganic pigments are attractive candidates on this front. In fact, Dr. Ryohei Oka and colleagues from the Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan, have d...

Tiny blobs of jelly spin perfect circles in the water – their movement produces a force that attracts their neighbors. When enough of them come together, this synchronized dance aligns them into a precise six-sided, regular, repeating pattern, much like the carbon atoms in graphene’s crystal structure. But these are not atoms or any kind of inanimate object governed solely by the forces of physics – they are living, self-propelled, embryonic starfish ( patiria miniata ). The spinning starfish embryos gather into living crystals. (Tan et al., Natural 2022) “We know we have crystals of many materials, but we have never really linked crystal formation to actually living components,” said MIT physicist Nikta Fakhri. Natural . “This is a truly extraordinary phenomenon that has never been reported before.” Fakhri, MIT physicist Tzer Han Tan and colleagues studied active matter — a system in which each individual component (such as a bird in a flock, or a cell i...

By mimicking the features of living systems, self-regulating lasers can produce new materials for sensing, computing, light sources and displays. While many artificial materials have advanced properties, they still have a long way to go to incorporate the versatility and functionality of living materials that can adapt to their situation. Our laser systems can reconfigure and work together, enabling the first step to emulate the ever-evolving relationship between structure and functionality that is typical of living materials. Professor Riccardo Sapienza For example, in the human body, bones and muscles are constantly rearranging their structure and composition to better support changes in weight and activity levels. Now, researchers from Imperial College London and University College London have demonstrated the first spontaneously self-organizing laser device, which can reconfigure when conditions change. The innovation, reported in Nature Physics, will help enable the development o...

Southampton [UK]July 10 (ANI): In the fight against Cancer, new insights into the key properties of antibodies have been discovered by researchers at the University of Southampton. The interdisciplinary study, published in Science Immunology, reveals how changing the flexibility of antibodies can stimulate a stronger immune response. Read Also | Guru Purnima 2022 Date and Time in India: Know Tithi, Its Customs and Importance of Celebrating the Birthday of the Great Vedic Saint Vyasa. These findings enabled the Southampton team to design antibodies to activate important receptors on immune cells to “turn them on” and provide a more potent anti-cancer effect. The scientists believe their findings could pave the way for improving antibody drugs that target cancer as well as other autoimmune diseases. Read Also | 2022 Wimbledon Final: Novak Djokovic Lifts 21st Grand Slam Title. In the study, the team investigated antibody drugs that target the CD40 receptor for cancer treatmen...

Heart disease – the leading cause of death in the US – is so deadly in part because the heart, unlike other organs, cannot repair itself after injury. That is why tissue engineering, which ultimately includes the wholesale manufacture of whole human hearts for transplantation, is so important to the future of cardiac medicine. To build the human heart from the ground up, researchers needed to replicate the unique structures that make up the heart. This includes recreating the helical geometry, which creates a circular motion when the heart beats. It has long been theorized that this circular motion is essential for pumping blood at high volumes, but proving it is difficult, in part because creating hearts with different geometries and alignments is a challenge. Now, bioengineers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed the first biohybrid model of the human ventricle with helically aligned beating heart cells, and have ...

Researchers at the University of Southampton have gained unprecedented new insights into the key properties of antibodies needed to fight cancer. The interdisciplinary study, published in Science Immunology, reveals how changing the flexibility of antibodies can stimulate a stronger immune response. These findings enabled the Southampton team to design antibodies to activate important receptors on immune cells to “turn them on” and provide a more potent anti-cancer effect. The scientists believe their findings could pave the way for improving antibody drugs that target cancer as well as other autoimmune diseases. In the study, the team investigated antibody drugs that target the CD40 receptor for cancer treatment. Clinical development is hampered by a lack of understanding of how to stimulate receptors to appropriate levels. The problem is that if the antibodies are overactive, they can become toxic. Previous Southampton studies have shown that a specific type of antibody ...