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Depiction of Earth, first without an inner core; second, with a growing inner core, about 550 million years ago; third, with the outermost and innermost core, about 450 million years ago. University of Rochester researchers used paleomagnetism to determine these two important dates in the history of the inner core, which they believe restored the planet’s magnetic field just before the explosion of life on Earth. Credit: University of Rochester Illustration / Michael Osadciw New paleomagnetic research shows Earth’s dense core formed 550 million years ago and restored our planet’s magnetic field. The rotating molten iron in Earth’s outer core, which lies about 1,800 miles below our feet, produces our planet’s protective magnetic field, called the magnetosphere. Although this magnetic field is invisible, it is essential for life on Earth’s surface. That’s because the magnetosphere protects the planet from the solar wind—the stream of radiation from the sun. However, about 565 milli

It is impossible to know the geological history of the formation of our planet, because it has been destroyed by tectonic movements and the subsequent evolution of the earth’s surface. Or maybe not completely impossible… There are very rare clues to this process that may be gleaned from pieces of other planets that have arrived at Earth’s surface in the form of meteorites. In particular, Mars can provide an indication of our planet’s early evolutionary path. More than 4.5 billion years ago, Mars probably had a crust similar to that found on early Earth, and information about this crust may be hiding in the oldest Martian meteorites currently known to have landed on Earth. But first, scientists must identify exactly where the 4.48 billion-year-old meteorite, dubbed Black Beauty, came from on the surface of Mars. Studies published in Nature Communication details the methods the international team used to identify that this piece of Martian rock came from one of the oldest regions on