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Scientists may have just traced the source of some of the mysterious infrared emission detected from stars and clouds of interstellar dust and gas. This Unknown Infrared Emission Band (UIE) has baffled scientists for decades; According to a new theoretical work, at least some of these bands could be produced by highly ionized buckminsterfullerene, better known as buckyballs. “I am very honored to have played a part in the extremely complex quantum chemical investigations carried out by Dr Sadjadi that have produced these very exciting results,” said astrophysicist Quentin Parker of the Space Research Laboratory of the University of Hong Kong. “First they looked at the theoretical evidence that Fullerenes – Carbon 60 – can withstand very high ionization rates, and now this work shows the infrared emission signature of the species is a perfect match for some of the most prominent Unknown Infrared Emission features known. This will help re-strengthen this area of ​​research....

How did life begin on Earth? While there are several theories, an Indian scientist working in the US has proposed a new set of “origins of life,” chemical reactions that could lead to the development of amino acids – the building blocks of protein and DNA – from chemicals and gases present on the ancient Earth. Four billion years ago, Earth looked very different, lifeless and covered by a vast ocean. Over millions of years, in that primordial soup, life arose. There are several hypotheses about how life arose from inorganic molecules. Now, a team led by Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy at the Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California has discovered a new set of chemical reactions that use cyanide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide — all thought to be common on the early Earth — to produce amino and nucleic acids. acids, building blocks of protein and DNA. “We came up with a new paradigm to explain the shift from pre-biotic to biotic chemistry,” said K...

Penguins are no strangers to climate change. Their life history has been shaped by fluctuations in temperature, and their bodies are highly specialized for some of the most extreme conditions on Earth. However, scientists fear the penguin’s evolutionary path may have stalled, thanks to the lowest evolutionary rate ever detected in birds. An international team of researchers has just published one of the most comprehensive studies on penguin evolution to date, which is the first to integrate data from living and fossil penguin species. The research reveals a general chaotic penguin life history, with three-quarters of all known penguin species – now represented only by fossils – already extinct. “Over 60 million years, this iconic bird has evolved into a highly specialized marine predator, and is now well-adapted in some of the most extreme environments on Earth,” the authors wrote. “However, as their evolutionary history reveals, they now stand as guardians high...