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PD-1 dependent NK cell regulation of CD8 + T-cells. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenoviral vector encoding the HBV genome and treated with anti-NK1.1 (⍺NK) or isotype control antibodies prior to therapeutic vaccination. Intrahepatic lymphocytes were harvested 14 days after immunization. (A) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of HBsAg mRNA extracted from the liver of infected mice. (B) Representative plot of CD8 + T-cells isolated from the spleen of CD45.2 PD-1KO or CD45.1 wild-type (WT) mice were transferred to recipients of opposite congenic mice one day before therapeutic vaccination. Examples of PD-1 and IFN . expressions you production in transferred PD-1KO and WT CD8+ T cells. *, pScience Translational Medicine (2022). DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi4670 Scientists have found that the body’s own natural killer cells can suppress the immune benefits of therapeutic vaccines, a problem that can predispose to inoculation against ch

A flight attendant turned FIFO worker has explained how she earns $3,200 a week after taxes at an Australian mine, but also exposed the downside. Megan Meeke, a former flight attendant for Virgin, increased her weekly salary by more than 30 percent after taking a simple eight-hour online training course that gave her more registered skills to use on the job site. She warns that it’s far from easy money, describing how she often has to work up to 77 hours a week – not to mention dealing with offensive comments from male colleagues. Scroll down for the video Megan Meeke (pictured) is training for three new tickets to a job as a trading assistant – which sees her salary soar to $3,200 per week – but it’s not without its downsides. Completing the training took Ms Meeke (pictured) just one day, with eight hours of online training Ms Meeke also reveals how brutal the list is – working 77 hours a week ‘You only get a job in the mines because you kneel,’ he told one man. One

Scientists have discovered a great paradox in nature – clean air drives global warming, while pollution keeps our planet cool. An international team of researchers determined that current pollution levels are 30 percent lower than in 2000, but global warming from carbon dioxide emissions has increased by up to 50 percent. Polluting particles, such as sulfates or nitrates, are known for their reflective properties and are commonly found in exhaust. The team, in a desperate move, proposes to use aerosols again, but uses a controversial type of geoengineering to do so. This method, called solar engineering, requires the release of sulfate particles into the stratosphere which in turn will cause reflective haze to appear around the world, reports Science.org. The study, led by the University of Leipzig, provides good news for human health – these particles are linked to millions of deaths each year – but is bleak for the future of humanity. Scroll down for the video While pollution has

The man who claims he created Qantas’ iconic slogan ‘Spirit of Australia’ has angrily demanded they remove the title, saying it is a ‘tragic inappropriate’ to describe the airline under attack. Phillip Adams, columnist for The Weekend Australian magazine and host of ABC Radio National, said he convinced former chairman Jim Leslie to adopt the tagline in the 1980s and Peter Allen to allow his iconic song I Still Call Australia Home to become Qantas’ national anthem. However, last week the former advertising guru directed an angry message at airline boss Alan Joyce demanding they stop the catchphrase because of an ongoing scandal involving laid-off staff, canceled flights, lost baggage and lengthy delays. ‘Alan Joyce. You are forced to repeat yourself. I am the author of ‘The Australian Spirit’. Then deserved, now tragically inappropriate,” he wrote on Twitter. ‘My slogan is hereby vetoed. Please remove it from all airframes, tickets and advertisements.’ Phillip Adams claims he

Water boils a lot – whether it’s a cup of tea brewed in the kitchen or a power station that generates electricity. Any increase in the efficiency of this process will have a major impact on the overall amount of energy used for it each day. One such improvement could come with newly developed treatments for surfaces involved in heating and evaporating water. The treatment improves the two main parameters that determine the boiling process: heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF). Most of the time, there is a trade-off between the two – when one improves, the other worsens. After years of investigation, the research term behind this technique has found a way to improve both. “Both parameters are important, but raising the two parameters together is a bit tricky because they have an intrinsic trade-off,” said bioinformatics scientist Youngsup Song of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California. “If we have a lot of bubbles on the boiling surface, that

One of Australia’s largest supermarkets has announced a huge price hike for its branded milk which is sure to put more pressure on family budgets. Key points: The price of Coles home-brand milk will increase by 25 cents per liter for 1L and 2L bottles It said rising procurement, transportation and packaging costs were behind the increase He also said that they pay farmers more for their milk Coles said his own 1-liter fresh milk would jump 25 cents from $1.35 to $1.60 per liter while a 2-liter bottle would increase to $3.10 from $2.60. It was the most substantial one-time increase since supermarkets introduced the controversial $1 per liter milk in 2011, which slashed retail prices of milk by a third. Coles, Woolworths and Aldi all raised their supermarket milk prices by 10c per liter in December last year. The increase was the first increase by a retailer in more than two years after the last three hiked prices by 10 cents in July 2019 after ending dollar milk earlier that year. Coles

Australian mortgage holders already battling the cost of living crisis should seek an additional $434 before Christmas on forecasts of further rate hikes. The Reserve Bank of Australia this week raised interest rates by 0.5 percent, the third straight increase. Check out the full story in the video above Watch the latest News on Channel 7 or stream for free on 7plus >> This brings the official cash rate to 1.35 percent, with warnings of more gains on the horizon. Australia’s biggest lender, Commonwealth Bank, predicts another 0.75 percent increase over the rest of the year. Australia’s biggest lender, Commonwealth Bank, expects another 0.75 percent increase over the rest of the year. Credit: PICTURE CommSec Chief Economist Craig James said it would come in three separate gains of 0.25 percent. “Reserve Bank has not finished raising interest rates,” he said. “We can expect further rate hikes in the coming months. This is the most aggressive a Reserve Bank has ever done – we’

Heart disease – the leading cause of death in the US – is so deadly in part because the heart, unlike other organs, cannot repair itself after injury. That is why tissue engineering, which ultimately includes the wholesale manufacture of whole human hearts for transplantation, is so important to the future of cardiac medicine. To build the human heart from the ground up, researchers needed to replicate the unique structures that make up the heart. This includes recreating the helical geometry, which creates a circular motion when the heart beats. It has long been theorized that this circular motion is essential for pumping blood at high volumes, but proving it is difficult, in part because creating hearts with different geometries and alignments is a challenge. Now, bioengineers from Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) have developed the first biohybrid model of the human ventricle with helically aligned beating heart cells, and have shown that

Are you one of the many savers who cheer when interest rates start to rise? For years, record low interest rates meant anyone with money in the bank got little or no interest. The Reserve Bank this week raised the official interest rate by 0.5 percentage point, its third increase in as many months. If you’re having trouble paying the higher interest rates on your mortgage, we’re here to help. But if you’re a saver (and don’t want to invest), here are three options for parking your money. First, what will happen to the interest rate on my savings account? Depends. The official cash rate has gone up, but that doesn’t mean everyone will earn more interest on their savings. It is up to individual lenders to decide how much of the Reserve Bank’s rate hikes to pass on to savers (and mortgage borrowers). Some lenders have already started going through the July hikes. In June, the big four banks were slow to pass rate hikes to their savings accounts and not all continued the hike in full. So i