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WOOD HOLE, Mass. – Many crustaceans, including lobsters, crabs, and barnacles, have a cape-like shell protruding from the head that can serve a variety of roles, such as a small cave for storing eggs, or a protective shield to keep the gills moist. This shell (carapace), it has been proposed, did not evolve from a similar structure in a crustacean ancestor, but emerged de novo (or suddenly) through the rather random co-optation of genes that also determine insect wings. However, in a new study from the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Research Associate Heather Bruce and Director Nipam Patel provide evidence for an alternative view: The carapace, along with other plate-like structures in arthropods (crustaceans, insects, arachnids, and myriapods) all evolved from the lateral toe lobe in a common ancestor. This evidence underpins their proposal for a new concept of how new structures evolve – which suggests that they are not so new. A study of the carapace of Daphnia crustacea...

Scientists were impressed, excited, amazed, and every space enthusiast was stunned when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on Tuesday unveiled the clearest image from outer space ever seen. One scientist even shed tears. The five images come from the largest infrared telescope ever launched into space, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST, Webb for short). Webb has been orbiting the Sun since taking off from French Guiana on December 25, 2021, and the stunning full-color image is just the start of what to expect from the telescope in the next two decades. The images open our eyes to a faintly dead star, called the Southern Ring Nebula, which stretches over a black background of space with glowing red and blue colors, with a shimmering star in the center, and to the Carina Nebula. —which looks very much like a rugged mountain range with a blue night sky with young stars shining all over the area. “Webb will enable major advances in the study of objects at multip...

A stellar nursery discovered more than 250 years ago will teach astronomers new things about how stars come to life with the help of sharp vision from the James Webb Space Telescope. The powerful new $10 billion observatory, located in space about 1 million miles from Earth, takes new images of the star-forming region within the Carina Nebula. The image captures incredible detail previously unseen by the Hubble Space Telescope. The Carina Nebula has been a popular target for study for many years because it exhibits cosmic events lasting for a very short time – only about 50,000 to 100,000 years. The nebula lies in the Milky Way about 7,600 light-years away and is home to other well-known cosmic objects, such as the Keyhole Nebula and the unstable supergiant star, Eta Carinae. Astronomers have given its features several pet names as well, such as Mystic Mountain and Cosmic Cliffs. SEE ALSO: The first stunning cosmic image from the James Webb telescope is here A new Webb photo (s...

A team led by the University of Minnesota Twin Cities has developed a new technique to image mRNA molecules in the brains of live mice. By genetically modifying the mice to produce mRNA labeled with the green fluorescent protein (shown above), the researchers were able to see when and where the mouse brain produced Arc mRNA. Credit: Hye Yoon Park, University of Minnesota’s Twin Cities A team led by the University of Minnesota’s Twin Cities has developed a new technique that allows scientists and engineers, for the first time, to visualize mRNA molecules in the brains of living mice. This research reveals new insights into how memories are formed and stored in the brain and could provide scientists with new information about diseases like Alzheimer’s. This paper was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) . There are still many mysteries surrounding the ...