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WASHINGTON — Researchers have developed a new method to flexibly create a variety of needle-shaped laser beams. This long, narrow beam can be used to enhance optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive and versatile imaging tool used for scientific research and various types of clinical diagnosis. “Needle-shaped laser beams can effectively expand the depth of focus of OCT systems, improving lateral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, and image quality over a long depth range,” said study team leader Adam de la Zerda of the Stanford University School of Medicine. . “However, before now, the application of certain needle-shaped beams was difficult due to the lack of a common and flexible generation method.” In Optica, the Optica Publishing Group’s journal for high-impact research, researchers describe their new platform for creating needle-shaped beams of different lengths and diameters. It can be used to create different types of beams suc...

The large field of hydrothermal vents on the seafloor in the dark depths of the East Pacific ocean is the hottest and largest ever found in the region. Not only that, but in places where scientists don’t expect to find active vents, let alone the entire system, hundreds of meters from the axis of the volcanic ridge. The discovery, scientists say, could have a significant impact on our understanding of ventilation systems, and the role they play in marine ecosystems. The field was discovered by a team of scientists using autonomous underwater vehicles to map the ocean floor at depths inhospitable to human explorers. In the data obtained from the AUV. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Security the team looked at the region of the massive tower, standing three stories high at 2,560 (8,400 feet) meters below the surface – in permanently dark and silent bathypelagic depths. Ventilation is monitored with a temperature recorder. (WHOI/NDSF/ROV Jason/NSF) Initially, the team thought ...