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Skeletal muscles are an important part of your musculoskeletal system. They serve a variety of functions. Among the many functions performed by skeletal muscles, one of them is maintaining our posture. On Earth, the musculoskeletal system must support the body’s weight, and the bones and postural muscles are permanently burdened by gravity. But what happens to these muscles when they have no gravity to resist? This question is a topic of interest to many scientists. Recently, a team of scientists from Japan set out to find the answer. They study the response of neuromuscular properties to gravitational unloading and share research-based insights into how astronauts can avoid neuromuscular problems during extended spaceflight. The group explored how the morphological, functional and metabolic properties of the neuromuscular system adapt to reduced anti-gravity activity. Using human and rodent simulation models, they first investigated how afferent and efferent motoneuron activity

Summary: Researchers reveal how astronauts can avoid the neuromuscular problems that occur as a result of extended space travel. Source: Doshisha University Among the many functions performed by skeletal muscles, one of them is maintaining our posture. If it weren’t for these muscles, the gravitational pull of the earth might make it difficult for us to get up and walk. The group of muscles—mostly in our legs, back and neck—that are responsible for maintaining posture and allowing us to move against the force of gravity are called ‘anti-gravity’ muscles. But what happens to these muscles when there is no gravity (or “unloading” force of gravity) to counteract them? That question may sound silly to some, but not to an astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS)! In space, where gravity is minimal, our muscles (especially anti-gravity ones) are not used much, which can lead to atrophy and changes in their structure and properties. In fact, human calf muscles are known to decre

“An eighteen year old 200cm lock defender was hit by a gun lock assailant, I’m not sure how often that’s good for them,” Scott said. “We’re not saying it was a beautiful plan that came together, but almost all the credit has to go to Sam himself. He was an overnight success which took him three years.” Voss said there was no quick fix for the Blues, who are aiming to make their first series final since 2013. Injured stars Marc Pittonet and Mitch McGovern were back in the VFL on Saturday but Voss said the club would take a cautious approach to selection with the pair, who had spent months on the sidelines. The club are careful to force their return, having seen Jacob Weitering struggle to regain his form in his two return games after six weeks out. “How we integrate players back into the team is actually also important,” said Voss. “He must not have found his rhythm yet.” After beating Melbourne at their Geelong stronghold last week, the Cats reproduced the stuff where they had to ge

4×5 inch film made of 10 layers of high performance dielectric elastomer (PHDE) which can be processed and stacked together with 20 actuators. Credit: Software Research Lab/UCLA UCLA materials scientists and colleagues at the non-profit scientific research institute SRI International have developed new materials and manufacturing processes to create artificial muscles that are stronger and more flexible than their biological counterparts. “Creating artificial muscles to allow work and detect force and touch has been one of the great challenges of science and engineering,” said Qibing Pei, professor of materials science and engineering at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering and correspondent author of a recently published study in Science . For a soft material to be considered for use as an artificial muscle, it must be capable of generating mechanical energy and still be able to withstand high strain conditions—meaning that it does not easily