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Summary: In children, traumatic brain injury can lead to reduced brain size and cognitive impairment that affects learning, researchers report. Source: Imperial College London Traumatic brain injury can lead to reduced brain size in some children and teens, which could be linked to cognitive problems, a new study suggests. People who are hit hard to the head can suffer brain injuries that result in long-term cognitive problems such as difficulty with memory, concentration, and problem solving. Researchers have been able to study this problem in adults, using brain scans to accurately measure the impact of each injury. However, this is more difficult for children and adolescents to do because their brains grow and change so quickly. In a new study, published in the journal Brain Researchers at Imperial College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital have collected detailed measurements of the brains of normally developing children and used them as a guide to help spot differences betwe

Our visual perception of the world is often considered relatively stable. However, like all of our cognitive functions, visual processing is shaped by our experiences. During development and adulthood, learning can change visual perception. For example, enhanced visual discrimination of the same pattern is a learned skill that is essential for reading. In a new research study published in Current Biology, scientists have now discovered the neural changes that occur during learning to increase discrimination of closely related visual images. This study, led by first author Dr. Joseph Schumacher and senior author Dr. David Fitzpatrick at Florida’s Max Planck Institute of Neuroscience, sets out a transformative approach to studying perceptual learning in the brain. The researchers imaged the activity of a large number of single neurons over days to track changes that occur when the visual discrimination task is studied, performing these experiments in a new animal model, the tree m