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Pick up any physics textbook and you’ll find formula after formula that explains how things sway, fly, turn, and stop. The formula describes actions that we can observe, but behind each can be a series of factors that are not immediately apparent. Now, a new AI program developed by researchers at Columbia University appears to have found its own alternative physics. After being shown videos of physical phenomena on Earth, AI did not rediscover the current variables we used; instead, it actually comes up with a new variable to explain what it sees. To be clear, this does not mean that our current physics is flawed or that there is a more suitable model to explain the world around us. (Einstein’s laws have proven to be very powerful.) But they can only exist because they are built on a pre-existing ‘language’ of theories and principles established by centuries of tradition. Given an alternate timeline where other minds tackle the same problem from a slightly dif...

For the first time, physicists have witnessed something very interesting: electrons form eddies like liquids. This behavior is one that scientists have long predicted, but never observed before. And that could be the key to developing next-generation electronics that are more efficient and faster. “Electron vortex is expected in theory, but there is no direct evidence yet, and seeing is believing,” said one of the researchers behind the new study, physicist Leonid Levitov of MIT. “Now we’ve seen it, and it’s a clear sign of being in this new regime, where electrons behave as liquids, not as individual particles.” While electrons flowing in a vortex might not sound like a breakthrough, it’s a big deal because flowing like a liquid results in more energy being sent to the end point, instead of being lost on the way while the electrons are pushed around by things like impurities in matter or vibrations in atoms. “We know that when an electro...